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3115T XYCOM 控制係統
3115T XYCOM 控制係統
3115T XYCOM 控制係統
CAN即控制器局域網,他的通信具有突出的可靠性、實時性和靈活性。他的應用不再局限於汽車行業,其中CAN在機床數控係統方面實現的功能主要包括:程序管理;機床係統參數輸入輸出診斷、參數的通訊;機床狀態採集;機床工作模式採集;數據庫管理等。
目前,國產數控係統的主要份額是經濟型機床數控係統。經濟型數控係統與機床基本輸入輸出接口的數量都是有限的,經常不能滿足實際操作中的需求,同時在實際車間中,機床與數控係統可能距離較遠,輸入輸出信號在遠程傳輸過程中非常容易受到幹擾而出錯,而CAN總線在傳輸較遠距離的信號時傳輸時間短,受幹擾概率低,還具有較高的傳輸速度,基於這些原因本文提出了基於CAN總線的數控係統遠程輸入輸出模塊的設計思想。
2 模塊結構設計
該模塊的組成結構設計如下:CANIN,CANOUT是CAN總線的輸入輸出接口。DI,DO是模塊與機床的接口,DI:機床信息輸入接口;DO:來自數控係統的信息輸出給機床的接口。且D1,DO接口接收的信息都是開關量信息。
本輸入輸出模塊中的微處理器選用宏晶公司的單片機STC89C516RD+。在CAN總線通信接口中,CAN通信控制器選用SJA1000,CAN總線驅動器採用PCA82C250。由圖2 CAN遠程輸入輸出模塊硬件原理圖可以看出,電路主要由6部分組成:微控制器STC89C516RD+、獨立CAN控制器、電氣隔離器件6N137、CAN總線驅動器PCA82C250、輸出模塊和輸入模塊。微處理器STC89C516RD+負責向輸出模塊傳出要輸出的數據,對輸入模塊的輸入點進行掃描輸入,以及初始化SJA1000,並通過控制SJA1000實現數據的接收和發送等通信任務。3 模塊硬件設計
SJA1000的AD0∼AD7連接到STC89C516RD+的P0口,片選信號CS*由P2.7控制,其為0時CPU片外存儲器地址可選中SJA1000,進而可對SJA1000執行相應的讀/寫操作。SJA1000的RD*WR*ALE分別與STC89C516RD+的對應引腳相連,INT*接STC89C516RD+的INT0*,使單片機可通過中斷方式對SJA1000進行實時訪問。P1口3個端口外接一撥碼開關,用來確定自身模塊的標識號即該模塊的ID號,撥碼開關的取值為000∼111,所以該ID號的取值為0∼7。
輸出模塊中各輸出點通過鎖存器74ALS273與STC89C516RD+的P0口相接,並由P2譯出的地址以及寫信號WR*進行鎖存控制。而輸入模塊中各輸入點通過總線緩衝器74ABT245與P0口相連,74ABT245由P2譯出的地址以及讀信號RD*進行選通控制。這樣STC89C516RD+就可以方便地對外部I/O進行訪問而無須其他額外的軟硬件開支,大大提高了STC89C516RD+的執行效率。為了增強CAN總線節點的抗幹擾能力,SJA1000的TX0和RX0並不是直接與PCA82C250的TXD和RXD相連,而是在中間加入了一級高速光耦6N137,這樣就很好地實現了總線上各CAN節點間的電氣隔離,但前提是光耦部分電路所採用的兩個電源VCC和VDD完全隔離,否則就只是利用其響應速度做低通濾波器用。電源的完全隔離可採用小功率的DC-DC,或帶多5 V隔離輸出的開關電源模塊實現。這雖然增加了接口電路的復雜性及成本,但卻提高了節點的穩定性和性。
4 模塊軟件設計
CAN總線數控係統遠程輸入輸出模塊的軟件設計主要包括6大部分:STC89C516RD+初始化、CAN控制器初始化、報文發送、報文接收、對輸出點的輸出訪問和輸入點的掃描輸入。本設計應用的CAN的pelic模式的標準幀格式。
程序流程如圖3所示。SJA1000初始化只有在復位模式下才能進行,初始化主要包括通過調節撥碼開關設置本模塊的標識符,工作方式的設置、接收濾波方式的設置、接收屏蔽寄存器(AMR)和接收代碼寄存器(ACR)的設置、波特率設置和中斷允許寄存器(IER)的設置等。
機床信息傳到數控係統:當掃描到機床的輸入信號有電平變化時,模塊把自身的ID信息和輸入信號一起打包成標準幀發送給數控係統。
數控係統指令傳到機床:模塊實時總線,當總線上有來自數控係統的信息,啟動CAN接收,根據AMR和ACR來判斷是否該接收該指令幀,如果不應該接收,將信息丟棄,如果應該接收,將指令輸出給機床。
在實際應用中,多塊輸入輸出模塊相連接組成CAN的網絡,多塊輸入輸出模塊的上位機都是機床數控係統,各模塊的輸入輸出接口均與機床相連如圖4所示。5 模塊
由於各模塊的ID號的取值為0∼7,所以本設計數控係統外部可擴展8個輸入輸出模塊,其中各個模塊ID號設置不能相同,且站號越小,優先級越高。在本設計中每個模塊的輸入點為64個,輸出點為64個,則一共可以擴展到512(64*8)個輸入輸出點。注意在該網絡中,在總線的兩端應各接有一個終端電阻,終端電阻的作用是吸收信號線上電脈衝的多餘能量,防止反射形成信號混淆,而信號混淆將導致通訊錯誤。
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